As your work with other Meta-Model challenges will confirm,
assessing when to use a pattern becomes largely a matter of intuition
after consciously attending to the linguistic markers which indicate the
presence of specific syntactic forms.
The test for when to use the Modal Operator Challenge is
definitely one of the most straightforward of all the tests. It does not
rely on detecting the absence of words or the absence of specificity
like many of the other deletion challenges do, and instead allows you to
simply seek out a certain kind of word. In addition, the payoff for
using the Modal Operator Challenge is in the same league as the
results of the Nominalization Challenge, recovering, quickly,
massive amounts of information with a single question.
The one potential snag of the Modal Operator Challenge is
actually that it's a two-sided challenge, the form of the question used
on modal operators of necessity substantially different from the
question used on modal operators of possibility. The following
description and your willingness to read and to understand will be what
makes this challenge one of the easiest to internalize of the Meta-Model.
Modal operators are verbs which modify other verbs, though the subset
we focus on with this challenge are those modal operators of necessity
and possibility, two categories which share many of the same words,
depending on the context. The following selection may serve as an
example of the kinds of modal operators we're discussing: 'could',
'would', 'should', 'may', 'might', 'must', 'can', 'will', 'need to',
'hope to', 'wish to', 'want to', desire to', 'like to', 'have to'.
Recognize that the addition of a 'to' at the end of some are to
distinguish these verbs usage as modal operators from their use as
regular verbs. Certain adjectives can also indicate a phrase that
represents necessity or possibility. This set of words include
'necessary', 'impossible', 'possible', 'likely', 'acceptable',
'intolerable', etc.
By pausing now to generate a sentence with each of the words we've
just specified, you'd be generating a plethora of information regarding
the kinds of phrases that need challenging. For example, "I would leave
my unhappy marriage" (possibility), "Don't feed him after midnight."
(necessity), "You're behavior is intolerable." (necessity), "The problem
could resolve itself." (possibility).
Distinguishing between modal operators of necessity and possibility
is possibly the easiest and most necessary step. Simply consider, from
the position of the speaker, whether the action or event described is
possible or necessary (within the context of the speaker's model of the
world, of course). Indeed, this step is as easy as asking oneself "Does
the speaker consider the action possible or necessary?"
In the following examples, ask yourself that very question before
reading the clarified version of each sentence. Then, after you've read
the clarified sentence, notice the different forms that the resulting
cause-effect can be expressed in. You will be surprised just how many of
our utterances are actually unexpressed cause-effects. Prepare to
amazed.
| Sentence with Modal Operator | Clarified Sentence |
| I can't stop eating. |
If I stop eating, I won't be myself anymore. |
| I would love to buy this car. |
I would love to buy this car, but my wife would kill me. |
| Remember to vote the way we say. |
Remember to vote the way we say or else we won't win the election. |
| She won't ever be a great dancer. |
Unless she practices as much as the other girls, she won't ever be a
great dancer. |
| You've got to turn the crank. |
If you don't turn the crank, you'll break the rules! |
You may have noticed, particularly if you're concerned with formal
logic, that some of the not-standard forms presented above would not
translate as X -> Y. For instance, sentence three (with the 'but')
would translate from X but Y to ~Y -> X. This matters little for our
purposes except to remind you to maintain an awareness of which phrase
of a cause-effect sentence is the cause and which is the effect.
Now that you have the necessary understanding of each step, here is a
test you can use to determine the presence of each kind of modal
operators:
- Listen to the surface structure of the presented sentence.
- Identify the modal operators in the surface structure by asking this
question:
- "Does this verb modify another verb?"
- Determine whether the words are modal operators of necessity or
possibility using the following question:
- "Does this word indicate the action is possible or necessary?"
- Additionally, check for adjectives that indicate necessity or
possibility.